
I generally file at least one or more
of the following motions in representing both citizens and non-citizens
who have been convicted of crimes having adverse consequences as
part of my removal
and post
conviction relief practice:
- Motions to Reduce Felony Convictions to Misdemeanors are
very effective for citizens and non-citizens.
These motions can eliminate the adverse consequences of felony convictions for
all purposes. If granted, winning such a motion sometimes eliminates
the need to report the conviction when applying for most jobs. Reduction
can also eliminate the adverse
immigration consequences of felony convictions that
could have been
used for removal/deportation purposes.
-
Motions to Modify conviction(s)
are brought for non-citizens whenever their prior criminal conviction(s)
are classified by the U.S.C.I.S. as “aggravated
felonies”. Such convictions may
result in permanent removal (deportation)
from the U.S. By modifying the sentence, for example, from one
year to 364 days, we can change the classification from an aggravated
felony to a simple felony which may not be used as a basis for
deportation by the U.S.C.I.S. or
by the immigration courts.
-
Motions to Expunge Prior Convictions are
important to citizens and non-citizens alike. Motions to expunge
criminal convictions can be granted only after successful
completion of probation. When granted by the court, the
conviction does not have to be disclosed when asked in
employment applications: ..."Have you ever been convicted of
any crimes?" You can answer "no" to this question.
However, the conviction does remain on your criminal record and does
not eliminate adverse immigration consequences. These motions are
effective in establishing the requirements of good
moral character and rehabilitation for
those aliens petitioning for lawful permanent residency and applying for
naturalization. Expungements differ from motions granted because
a person was factually innocent of
the charge(s) they were arrested for. [See discussion in paragraph
No. 4 below.]
- Motions to Destroy Records of Persons Factually
Innocent may be brought in any case where
a person has been arrested and/or prosecuted but where no conviction
occurred. This motion requests the court to make a finding that the
person is factually innocent of
the charges for which he or she was arrested. If granted by the court,
then any reference to the arrest record shall bear the notation “Exonerated” and
shall not be admissible as evidence in any action. In addition, destruction
of all entries and notations pertaining to the arrest record shall
be accomplished by permanent obliteration.
The record shall be prepared again so that it appears that the arrest
never occurred. If there are no other entries contained in that person’s
criminal history record other than the arrest, then the entire record
shall be physically destroyed. This motion is different from an expungement of
your criminal conviction following successful completion of probation.
Here, the actual record of the arrest itself is physically
obliterated from all government’s
records so that it appears the arrest never occurred and therefore, can
not be used against you. This motion is
particularly helpful for non-citizens seeking to adjust their status,
defend themselves in removal proceedings, and to establish good moral
character when applying for a visa, lawful permanent residency and
naturalization. [For further information, please refer to Paragraph 3.
above on Expungements.]
- Motions to Vacate Criminal Convictions are
among the most important and effective ‘tools’ an experienced
immigration and criminal defense attorney has to defend a foreign born
client in immigration court removal (deportation) proceedings. This
motion to vacate is filed in the California state court where the criminal
conviction occurred. The grounds for filing this motion arise when
the non-citizen was not adequately informed
by the judge or the defense attorney about the adverse immigration
consequences of being convicted of the crime for which the non-citizen
has pled guilty or no contest. This motion can be brought even many
years after the non-citizen was sentenced. If the criminal conviction
is vacated, then the underlying immigration
removal proceeding can be terminated because there would no
longer be a criminal conviction upon which the government could rely
to deport that person.
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